Alfred Milner was a British statesman, colonial administrator, and one of the most influential figures in shaping the future of South Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His relationship with Cecil Rhodes, the powerful imperialist and founder of Rhodesia, was rooted in their shared vision of expanding British influence across Africa.

Milner first gained prominence as the High Commissioner for South Africa (1897–1905), a role in which he championed British interests amid tensions with the Boer republics. His hardline approach to securing British dominance in South Africa aligned with Rhodes' imperial ambitions, especially concerning the expansion of British rule in Southern Africa. While Rhodes had previously served as the Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (1890–1896) and initiated the controversial Jameson Raid (1895–1896)—an attempt to overthrow the Boer government—Milner took a more strategic and diplomatic approach, favoring calculated political maneuvering.

Their relationship was characterized by mutual respect and a shared goal: ensuring British supremacy in South Africa. After Rhodes’ death in 1902, Milner continued to execute policies that aligned with Rhodes' vision, particularly through the Milner Group, a secretive network promoting British imperialism. His role in negotiating peace after the Second Boer War (1899–1902) and his efforts in restructuring South African governance reflected the enduring influence of Rhodes' imperial ideology.

Milner’s legacy remains intertwined with Rhodes’ vision, solidifying him as a key figure in British colonial history.